State-Sponsored Cyber Operations in Latin America: A Rising Threat

Introduction

In recent years, Latin America has witnessed a notable increase in state-sponsored cyber operations. Nation-state actors are increasingly targeting the region's critical infrastructure, government agencies, and military entities, posing significant security challenges. This briefing examines the current landscape of these cyber operations, identifies key threat actors, and assesses the implications for regional cybersecurity.

Rising Threat Landscape

Latin America has experienced a surge in cyberattacks, with organizations in the region facing an average of 3,065 attacks per week in December 2025, marking a 26% year-over-year increase. (blog.checkpoint.com) While financially motivated cybercrime remains prevalent, there is a discernible uptick in operations attributed to nation-state actors.

Identified Threat Actors

Several nation-state actors have been linked to cyber operations in Latin America:

• China-Nexus Adversaries: Reports indicate that China-nexus adversaries have targeted government agencies, telecommunications, and military entities across the region. (crowdstrike.com)

• El Machete: A cyberattack campaign, possibly state-sponsored, has been directed at Latin American intelligence services, military, embassies, and other government institutions since 2010. (qz.com)

Operational Tactics and Tools

Nation-state actors employ sophisticated tactics and tools in their cyber operations:

• Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs): These actors utilize APTs to infiltrate networks, maintain prolonged access, and exfiltrate sensitive information.

• Custom Malware: Tailored malware is deployed to exploit specific vulnerabilities within targeted systems.

• Supply Chain Attacks: Compromising third-party vendors to gain access to larger networks is a common strategy.

Implications for Regional Security

The escalation of state-sponsored cyber operations in Latin America has several implications:

• National Security Risks: Compromise of critical infrastructure and sensitive government data can undermine national security.

• Economic Impact: Disruptions to business operations and potential data breaches can lead to significant economic losses.

• Diplomatic Strains: Attribution of cyberattacks to nation-states can lead to diplomatic tensions and complicate international relations.

Mitigation Strategies

To address the rising threat of state-sponsored cyber operations, the following strategies are recommended:

• Enhanced Cyber Defense: Strengthening cybersecurity measures across critical sectors to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

• International Collaboration: Engaging in information sharing and joint defense initiatives with international partners to bolster collective cybersecurity.

• Legislative Measures: Implementing and enforcing robust cybersecurity laws and regulations to deter malicious cyber activities.

Conclusion

The increase in state-sponsored cyber operations in Latin America presents a complex challenge to regional security. A coordinated approach involving enhanced defense mechanisms, international cooperation, and strong legislative frameworks is essential to mitigate these threats and safeguard the region's digital infrastructure.

Highlights:

• Cyber operations takes stage at CRUZEX 2024 > U.S. Southern Command > News, Published on Wednesday, November 13
• CrowdStrike Releases The 2025 LatAm Threat Landscape Report, Published on Tuesday, May 06
• Cyber Attacks Surge in Latin America | Dec 2025, Published on Monday, January 12