Hacktivist Attacks on Critical Infrastructure in Latin America: A Rising Threat

Introduction

In recent years, Latin America has witnessed a surge in cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure, with hacktivist groups at the forefront of these operations. These attacks have disrupted essential services, including power grids, water systems, and healthcare facilities, highlighting significant vulnerabilities in the region's cybersecurity posture.

Surge in Cyberattacks

According to Check Point Research, in December 2025, organizations in Latin America experienced an average of 3,065 cyberattacks per week, marking a 26% increase from the previous year. This surge outpaced other regions, underscoring the escalating threat landscape in the area. (blog.checkpoint.com)

Hacktivist Groups Targeting Critical Infrastructure

Hacktivist groups, motivated by political and social agendas, have increasingly targeted critical infrastructure in Latin America. Notably, the Guacamaya group has been active in the region, conducting cyberattacks against major corporations and government entities in countries such as Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. Their operations have included data breaches and the publication of sensitive information to advance their causes. (en.wikipedia.org)

Notable Incidents

• Costa Rican Government Systems Attack (April 2022): In April 2022, the Costa Rican government faced a significant ransomware attack that affected nearly 30 institutions, including the Ministry of Finance and the Costa Rican Social Security Fund. The attack led to the shutdown of critical systems, causing substantial operational disruptions. (en.wikipedia.org)

• Colombian Public Entities Attack (September 2023): In September 2023, Colombia experienced a significant ransomware attack that severely disrupted vital services across the country. The attack directly impacted 20 public entities, while 78 additional public entities and 762 private companies were indirectly affected across Latin America, including Argentina, Panama, and Chile. (batuta.com)

Impact on Critical Infrastructure

The targeting of critical infrastructure by hacktivist groups poses significant risks to essential services:

• Power Grids: Cyberattacks can lead to power outages, affecting millions of consumers and disrupting daily life.

• Water Systems: Manipulation of water treatment facilities can result in contamination or disruption of water supply, posing public health risks.

• Healthcare Sector: Attacks on healthcare systems can compromise patient data, disrupt medical services, and delay critical treatments.

Challenges and Recommendations

Latin America's cybersecurity readiness remains inadequate, with only seven of the 32 countries having plans to protect their critical infrastructure from cyberattacks. To address these challenges, it is recommended that governments and organizations in the region:

• Develop and Implement Cybersecurity Strategies: Establish comprehensive plans to safeguard critical infrastructure from cyber threats.

• Enhance Incident Response Capabilities: Strengthen Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) to effectively respond to cyber incidents.

• Invest in Cybersecurity Training and Awareness: Educate personnel on cybersecurity best practices to reduce human error vulnerabilities.

Conclusion

The increasing frequency and sophistication of hacktivist attacks on critical infrastructure in Latin America underscore the urgent need for enhanced cybersecurity measures. By proactively addressing these threats, the region can better protect its essential services and ensure the safety and well-being of its citizens.

Highlights:

• Latin America Leads Cyberattacks: 3,065 Weekly Hits 2025, Published on Saturday, February 14
• Cyber Attacks Surge in Latin America | Dec 2025, Published on Monday, January 12
• Latin America sees a sharp surge in cyberattacks – the region becomes the world’s most vulnerable, Published on Tuesday, January 27